Kurmancan Datka (1811–February 1, 1907) was a prominent historical figure in 19th-century Kyrgyzstan, known as the "Queen of the Mountains." She is recognized as the first woman to be awarded the title of "Datka" during her time. Born in 1811 in the Oroke winter camp near Osh, she married Alimbek Datka, the leader of the Alay Kyrgyz, in 1832. After the death of her husband Alimbek Datka in 1862, Kurmancan Datka assumed leadership of the Kyrgyz in the Alay region. Her authority was acknowledged by the rulers of the Bukhara and Kokand Khanates. During the late 19th century, the Russian Empire was expanding into Central Asia. Following the annexation of the Kokand Khanate by Russia in 1876, Kurmancan Datka and her sons resisted the Russian occupation. However, considering the challenging conditions of the time, she opted for an agreement with the Russians. Kurmancan Datka is regarded as a significant figure in the Kyrgyz struggle for independence. She has been commemorated through coins, stamps, statues, and films about her life. Kurmancan Datka is remembered as one of the most important female heroes in Kyrgyz history for her courage, strong character, and leadership qualities. She stands out as a key figure exemplified in the construction of modern Kyrgyz national identity. This study examines Kurmancan Datka's life and political activities and evaluates her role in shaping Kyrgyz national identity.
Keywords: Kurmancan Datka, Kyrgyz, Kokand, Turkestan, Russian, khanate.